When we think of workplace harassment, the focus is often on the victim and perpetrator, but what about those who witness it? Third parties or witnesses, also called bystanders, have an important role to play – by keeping quiet, they will be perpetuating workplace harassment, while by supporting and standing up for the victim, they will be challenging a culture of silence. Thus, the path to safer workplaces begins with bystander intervention.
Support is key
One of the most important things to understand as a bystander is the power of support. Witnessing harassment places someone in a sensitive position. They may not know how to intervene and may fear the consequences of their actions.
A key part of supporting the victim is to avoid forcing them to either file a complaint or confront the perpetrator. However, this does not mean standing by idly; instead, bystanders should try to be available for the victim in ways they (the victim) find helpful.
The role of empathy
The primary role of bystanders should be offering comfort and empathy. This form of empowerment will help victims feel like they are not alone, while also respecting their autonomy.
Empathy is the foundation of effective bystander intervention. Often, people don’t speak up because they assume others will, or they convince themselves it’s not their place. Unfortunately, this often leaves victims feeling isolated. A supportive bystander recognises that they don’t need to fix the problem themselves, and that they just need to ensure the victim knows they have someone in their corner.
Witnessing harassment and choosing to “look the other way” can be equally damaging as the harassment itself. When bystanders speak up to deflect inappropriate behaviour, or support victims of sexual harassment, this helps change general societal attitudes and define safer spaces for everyone. When bystanders understand the impact of their silence, they are more likely to take action, whether through words of encouragement or simply being present.
Empowerment through training
Bystander intervention programs and training are essential to changing the culture within organisations. These programs help educate employees recognise harassment, how to safely intervene, and how to support victims without overstepping boundaries. Simple acts like offering to accompany a colleague to HR if they choose to report an incident, or simply listening to them, can make a world of difference.
At the heart of these programs is the idea that witnessing something harmful and doing nothing can cause further harm. The culture of “I just want to do my work, it’s not my business” must be replaced with one where people feel responsible for creating a safer, more inclusive environment.
Formal bystander training programs are becoming more widespread in organisations, teaching employees not just how to spot harassment, but also how to offer tools for safe intervention. These programs are not just about helping others but also about recognising that harassment, in any form, damages workplace culture. As a bystander, understanding how to respond without judgement and supporting victims through empathy and care can create a ripple effect that benefits everyone.
Changing culture
What bystanders have to do is clear: don’t be a passive observer. Instead, step in with support and solidarity. The responsibility of creating safer spaces lies not just with victims or leaders of the organisation, but with every employee who happens to witness harassment. By offering support, listening, and standing in solidarity, we can shift from a culture of silence to one of empowerment and action.